歐盟一共有27個成員國，如果申請的歐盟商標不被通過，在符合轉(zhuǎn)換條件的情況下，可以將歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換為成員國的商標申請。這樣就可以在不受限的單一國申請注冊商標，處理起來更加靈活。

圖｜圖蟲創(chuàng)意

     什么是歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換程序？

轉(zhuǎn)換程序適用于歐盟商標以及國際注冊商標。

Conversion is a procedure that can be applied to European Union trade marks (EUTMs) and to international registrations (IRs).

若歐盟商標將歸于無效，此商標可以轉(zhuǎn)換為在特定歐盟成員國有效的商標。轉(zhuǎn)換程序在克服歐盟商標單一性問題上作用顯著。

If an EU trade mark ceases to exist, it can be converted into trade marks that are valid in certain Member States. Conversion is particularly useful for overcoming possible problems with the EUTM’s unitary character.

例如，歐盟商標因基于一個或特定歐盟成員國的絕對理由而被駁回或者在先商標被異議，導(dǎo)致歐盟商標無法順利注冊的，申請人可以申請將歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換為那些不受上述駁回或異議理由障礙的歐盟成員國的國家商標注冊。

For example, if the European Union trade mark faces a registrability problem in only one or certain countries on absolute grounds or due to an opposition based on an earlier right valid in only one country or certain countries, the EUTM applicant can apply to convert the EUTM into individual, national trade mark applications in the other countries not affected by these grounds.

圖｜圖蟲創(chuàng)意

     歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換的理由

在以下情況下可以將歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換為其成員國商標申請：

1. 歐盟商標在審查過程或異議程序中因絕對理由或相對理由被官方最終駁回。

Where an EUTM application has been finally refused by the Office, in a decision on absolute or relative grounds for refusal during examination or opposition proceedings.

2. 申請人撤回歐盟商標。

Where an EUTM application has been withdrawn by the applicant.

3. 歐盟商標在提交申請后，未及時繳納類別費用，而被視為撤回。

Where an EUTM application is deemed to be withdrawn, namely when class fees are not  paid within the relevant time limit after filing the application.

4. 歐盟商標在以下情況下失效的：

Where an EUTM registration ceases to have effect, which applies in the following circumstances:

1）歐盟商標已被放棄注冊的情況；

Where an EUTM registration has been validly surrendered；

2）歐盟商標未續(xù)展的情況；

Where an EUTM registration has not been renewed；

3）歐盟商標局或歐盟商標法院宣布歐盟商標注冊無效的情況；

Where an EUTM registration has been declared invalid by the Office or by a European Union trade mark court；

4）歐盟商標注冊所有人的權(quán)利已被主管局或歐盟商標法院撤銷，但因未使用而撤銷的情況除外。

Where the rights of the proprietor of an EUTM registration have been revoked by the Office or by an EUTM court except in the case of revocation due to non-use.

轉(zhuǎn)換請求可針對上述行為或決定所涉及的全部或部分產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。該請求可以在一個、多個或所有成員國進入國家商標申請。

Conversion may be requested for all or for some of the goods or services to which the act or decision mentioned above relates. And the request may be into national trade mark applications in one, more or all of the Member States.

圖｜圖蟲創(chuàng)意

     歐盟商標不得轉(zhuǎn)換的理由

以下情形不得進行歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換程序：

1. 歐盟商標或馬德里指定歐盟商標的商標權(quán)是基于未使用而被撤銷的，其申請人不得進行轉(zhuǎn)換程序，除非在要求轉(zhuǎn)換的成員國內(nèi)，根據(jù)該國法律，該商標確實已投入使用。

Conversion will not take place where the rights of the proprietor of the European Union trade mark, or the holder of the IR, have been revoked on the grounds of non-use, unless in the Member State for which conversion is requested the EUTM or IR has been put to use that would be considered genuine under the laws of that Member State.

2. 第二條不得進行轉(zhuǎn)換的原因與拒絕、撤銷（不使用除外）或宣布無效的理由有關(guān)。當(dāng)歐盟商標局或歐盟商標法院的決定明確指出駁回、撤銷或無效的理由適用于特定成員國，則不得在該成員國進行轉(zhuǎn)換程序。

The second reason for precluding conversion is related to a ground for refusal, for revocation (other than for non-use) or for a declaration of invalidity. It applies when the decision of the Office or of a European Union trade mark court expressly states that the ground for refusal, for revocation or for invalidity applies in respect of a particular Member State, and precludes conversion for that Member State.

3. 若申請人在最終決定（即在上訴期間）下發(fā)前撤回或者放棄歐盟商標或放棄馬德里指定歐盟商標，并隨后在這些拒絕、撤銷或無效理由適用的某些或所有成員國內(nèi)請求轉(zhuǎn)換的，將會被拒絕。

Where the applicant withdraws the EUTM application or the owner surrenders the EUTM, or the holder renounces the designation of the EU, before the decision becomes final (i.e. during the appeal period) and subsequently requests conversion of the mark into national trade marks in some or all of the Member States for which a ground for refusal, for revocation or invalidity applies, such a request for conversion will be refused for those Member States.

圖｜圖蟲創(chuàng)意

     歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換的程序

歐盟商標局將按以下程序處理轉(zhuǎn)換申請：

The Office will deal with requests for conversion by:

1. 審查 Examining them；

2. 公布 Publishing them；

3. 轉(zhuǎn)送到指定成員國的主管局 Transmitting them to the designated offices.

     官方審查階段的時間限制

1. 申請轉(zhuǎn)換的一般期限為三個月。時限的起算取決于轉(zhuǎn)換的理由，時限不得延長。

A general time limit of three months for requesting conversion applies. The start of the time limit depends on the ground for conversion.The time limit may not be extended.

2. 若歐盟商標被視為撤回，則可以在主管局相應(yīng)確認之日起三個月內(nèi)提出轉(zhuǎn)換請求。

Where an EUTM application is deemed to be withdrawn, a request for conversion may be filed within three months from the date of the corresponding confirmation from the Office.

3. 在所有其他情況下，轉(zhuǎn)換請求的三個月期限自動起算：

In all other cases the time limit of three months for requesting conversion starts automatically, namely:

1）若歐盟商標被撤回，那么從商標局收到撤回之日起算；

Where the EUTM application is withdrawn, on the day the withdrawal is received by the Office;

2）在放棄歐盟商標的情況下，那么從登記簿中登記之日（即其生效之日）起算；

Where the EUTM is surrendered, on the day on which the surrender is entered in the EUTM Register (which is the day on which it becomes effective);

3）若歐盟商標或馬德里指定歐盟商標未續(xù)展的，那么從提交續(xù)展之日最后期限的那一天（即6個月寬展期結(jié)束之日）起算；

Where the EUTM registration or IR was not renewed, on the day following the last day of the period within which a request for renewal may be submitted, that is to say, six months after the expiry of the registration;

4）若歐盟商標或馬德里指定歐盟商標被駁回的，那么從最終決定之日起算；

Where the EUTM application or IR designating the EU is refused, on the day on which the decision becomes final;

5）若歐盟商標或馬德里指定歐盟商標被宣告無效或被撤銷，則從歐盟商標局的最終決定之日或歐盟商標法院的最終判決之日起算。

Where the EUTM or IR designating the EU is declared invalid or revoked, on the day on which the decision of the Office or the judgment of the EUTM court becomes final.

例如，如果歐盟商標局在2011年11月11 日下達裁定通知，以絕對理由駁回歐盟商標，那么其最終決定期限為2012年1月11日。請求轉(zhuǎn)換的三個月期限截止至2012年4月11日。

For example, if an EUTM is rejected by a decision of the Office on absolute grounds for refusal that is notified on 11/11/2011, the decision becomes final on 11/01/2012. The three-month period for requesting conversion ends on 11/04/2012.

圖｜圖蟲創(chuàng)意

     官方審查的理由

主管局將會審查：

1. 是否存在前文提到的轉(zhuǎn)換理由。

Whether one of the grounds for conversion mentioned above exists.

2. 是否存在前文提到的不得進行轉(zhuǎn)換的理由。

Whether one of the grounds precluding conversion referred above exists.

3. 對于選擇退回轉(zhuǎn)換的情況（選擇退回轉(zhuǎn)換是指根據(jù)馬德里協(xié)定或議定書馬德里指定歐盟商標轉(zhuǎn)換為指定其他一個或多個成員國的國際申請的情況），需要審查是否有可能在國際申請之日指定國際申請中的相關(guān)成員國。 

For an opting-back conversion（the conversion of the designation of the EU into subsequent designations of one or more Member States under the Madrid Agreement or Protocol ‘opting back’）, whether it would have been possible at the date of the IR to designate the Member State concerned in an international application.

4. 對于部分轉(zhuǎn)換，需要審查在商標失效時，要轉(zhuǎn)換的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)是否包含在原有歐盟商標或馬德里指定歐盟商標的產(chǎn)品及服務(wù)范圍內(nèi)。

For partial conversion, whether the goods and services to be converted were in fact contained in, and do not go beyond, the goods and services of the EUTM or IR designating the EU at the point in time when it lapsed or ceased to have effect.

5. 對于部分轉(zhuǎn)換，若歐盟商標或馬德里指定歐盟商標部分有效，則需要審查要轉(zhuǎn)換的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)是否與原有商標仍然有效的部分產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有所重合。

For partial conversion in the sense that part of the EUTM or IR designating the EU remains alive, whether the goods and services to be converted overlap with the goods and services for which the mark remains alive.

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來源：PRINTL（作者WPIP-Vera）

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